Preheat and prep: Heat your oven to 375°F (190°C). Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with a little oil or butter.
Cook the cauliflower: Steam or microwave the florets until just tender, about 6–8 minutes.
Drain well and blot dry with paper towels. Excess water will make the casserole runny.
Brown the beef: Warm 1 tablespoon oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the ground beef and cook, breaking it up, until browned and no longer pink, 6–8 minutes.
Drain excess fat if needed.
Add aromatics: Push beef to one side. Add remaining oil, onion, and a pinch of salt. Sauté 3–4 minutes until softened.
Stir in garlic for 30 seconds.
Season and enrich: Stir in tomato paste, smoked paprika, oregano, and chili powder. Cook 1 minute to bloom the spices. Season with salt and pepper.
Make the creamy sauce: Reduce heat to medium-low.
Add heavy cream and cream cheese. Stir until smooth and slightly thickened, 2–3 minutes. Taste and adjust seasoning.
Fold in cauliflower: Gently mix the drained cauliflower into the beef mixture until evenly coated with sauce.
Assemble: Spread the mixture in the prepared baking dish.
Top with shredded cheese, spreading it to the edges for an even golden crust.
Bake: Bake for 18–22 minutes, until the casserole is bubbling and the cheese is melted and lightly browned.
Finish and serve: Let it rest 5–10 minutes to set. Garnish with chopped parsley or chives. Scoop and serve.