Prep the fish. Pat tilapia fillets dry with paper towels.
Dry fish browns better and won’t steam in the pan. Season both sides with salt, pepper, paprika, and garlic powder.
Heat the pan. Set a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the olive oil and let it get hot until it shimmers.
A hot pan gives you a nice sear and helps prevent sticking.
Sear the tilapia. Place fillets in the pan without crowding. Cook for 2–3 minutes per side, depending on thickness, until lightly golden and just cooked through. The fish should flake easily with a fork.
Transfer to a plate and tent loosely with foil.
Make the garlic butter. Lower the heat to medium. Add the butter to the same pan. Once melted and foamy, stir in the minced garlic.
Cook for 30–45 seconds until fragrant but not browned. If using, add red pepper flakes and capers now.
Brighten with lemon. Stir in lemon juice and half the parsley. Taste and adjust salt and pepper.
If the sauce tastes flat, add a pinch more salt or a splash more lemon.
Finish the dish. Return the tilapia to the pan and spoon the garlic butter over the fillets. Warm for 30 seconds to let flavors meld.
Serve. Plate the fish, drizzle with extra sauce, and sprinkle with remaining parsley. Add lemon wedges on the side.
Great with sautéed spinach, roasted asparagus, or cauliflower mash.