Prep the chicken: Pat chicken pieces dry with paper towels. Dry chicken grips the coating better, making it crisp up nicely.
Preheat the air fryer: Set to 400°F (205°C) for 3–5 minutes.
A hot basket helps the coating brown evenly.
Season the flour: In a shallow bowl, mix flour, 1 tablespoon ranch seasoning, garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, salt, and pepper.
Beat the eggs: In another bowl, whisk eggs until smooth. If using buttermilk, skip the eggs and pour buttermilk into a bowl.
Mix the breadcrumbs: In a third bowl, combine breadcrumbs with remaining 1 tablespoon ranch seasoning. Stir in Parmesan if using.
Dredge the chicken: Coat chicken pieces in the seasoned flour, shake off excess, dip in egg (or buttermilk), then press into the breadcrumb mix to coat all sides.
Arrange in the basket: Spray the air fryer basket lightly with oil.
Place nuggets in a single layer with a little space between them. Lightly mist the tops with oil spray for extra crunch.
Air fry: Cook at 400°F (205°C) for 8–10 minutes, flipping halfway. Nuggets are done when golden brown and the internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C).
Work in batches: If needed, cook a second batch rather than crowding the basket.
Crowding leads to steaming, not crisping.
Serve: Let nuggets rest 2 minutes to set the crust, then serve with your favorite dips and a side salad, veggies, or sweet potato fries.